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Endnotes:

1)  Eighth Manuscript Census, 1860, Sabine Pass, Texas, res. 314, boarding house of Abigail Smith

2)  Muster Roll, Sabine Pass Guard, Z. Williams Eddy, cmdg., April 20, 1861.

3)  Vol. C, pp. 62-63, Personal Property Record, Jefferson County, Texas Archives; also W. T. Block, "Sabine Pass        The Civil War," East Texas Historical Journal, IX No. 2 (1971), pp. 129-152.

4)  K. D. Keith, "The Memoirs of Capt. K. D. Keith," Texas Gulf Historical and Biographical Record, X (Nov. 1974), pp.      55-56; "History of Spaight's Texas Regiment," File 2G276, A. W. Spaight Papers, UT Library at Austin; see also        Keith,  "Military Operations, Sabine Pass," in Burke's Texas and Immigrants Handbook for 1883 (Houston:ND),pp.      65-69.

5)  C. R. Walker, "Spaight's Battalion, C. S. A." Texas Gulf Historical and Biographical Record, VIII (Nov. 1972), pp.
    22 38; also W. T. Block, "The Swamp Angels: History of Spaight's Battalion, Texas Volunteers," East Texas
    Historical      Journal, XXX No. 1 (1992), oo, 44-58.

6)  See Texas Census Records, 1841-1849 (1981), Vol. I, p. 13.

7)  W. Wiess, "Capt. Wm. Wiess Tells of 48 Years Ago," (Beaumont) Enterprise, Jan. 21, 1912; Ben C. Stuart,              "Stirring Story  of Old Sabine," (Beaumont) Enterprise, June 1, 1913.

8) (Galv.) Weekly News, Jan. 11, 1867; see also W. T. Block, Cotton Bales, Keelboats, and Sternwheelers: A
    History      of The Sabine River and Trinity River Cotton Trades, 1837-1900 (Woodville, Tx.: 11995) p. 213.

9)  Dr. George Holland, "Epidemic at Sabine Pass," (Hous.) Tri-Weekly Telegraph, Sept. 10, 1862.

10)  James Sparks moved to the intersection of Taylor's Bayou and Sabine Lake during the 1850's, where he operated
     a ferry across the bayou. In 1860 the Sabine and East Texas Railroad bridge over Taylor's Bayou was built at
     Sparks'  Ferry, and on Sept. 27, 1862, the Union Navy burned the railroad bridge. See H. N. Conner, "The War at
     Sabine Pass," (Hous.) Telegraph Supplement, Oct. 3, 1862; also Tri-Weekly Telegraph, Oct. 22; Nov. 5, 11, 
     1862.

11) When Confederate troops convalescing from yellow fever evacuated Sabine Pass on Sept. 25, 1862, a large tent
     pesthouse was built for them near the present day oil field called Camp Spindle Top. The "Cow Pens" referred to
     were the Hillebrandt and Hebert Ranch pens built about 1855, immediately west of the airport at Nederland on the
     present Texas and New Orleans Railroad.

12) Between Sept 25 and Nov. 1, 1862, Union gunboats patrolled the Sabine Pass but crews were loathe to come
     ashore because of the yellow fever epidemic. On the two occasions when they came ashore to burn property,
     they had no contact with civilians and returned immediately to the U. S. gunboat Dan.

13) In 1858, D. R. Wingate bought out the abandoned Sparton Mill Co. at Sabine Pass and built it into the largest
     sawmill in Texas, cutting 30,000 feet daily. Logs were chained and towed across Sabine Lake. See W. T. Block,
     "An Early East Texas Captain of Commerce: David Robert Wingate," Texas Gulf Historical and Biographical
     Record, XIII (Nov. 1977), 59-79.

14)  See footnote 11.

15)  About Jan. 10, 1863, work was begun at an Orange shipyard to place artillery and cotton bales aboard the C. S.        steamers Josiah Bell and Uncle Ben in preparation for the offshore battle. See Keith, "Memoirs," p. 60.

16)  For the debacle of the captured Morning Light, see Keith, "Memoirs," pp. 61-62.

17)  When the Josiah Bell was being outfitted in Orange, Gen. Magruder sent a 64-pound rifled cannon to be mounted
     aboard. When Lt. Dick Dowling's Co. F of the 1st Texas Heavy artillery were assigned to man it, Dowling
     affectionately nicknamed the gun 'Aunt Jane.'

18)  In May, 1863, Gen. Magruder sent Gen. Tom Green's Texas Brigade of about 2,300 men to help Gen. Richard
     Taylor defend against a Union invasion along the Bayou Teche in Louisiana. Spaight' Battalion were a part of that
     group until November, 1863.

19)  Morgan's Louisiana and Texas Railroad was built from Brashear (Morgan) City, La. to Algiers before the Civil
     War. In 1861 most Texas troops bound for Virginia traveled over it.

20)  Col. R. Major's Texas Brigade was a part of Gen. Green's command. Major was soon promoted to brigadeer
      general.

21) Col. E. J. Davis' 2nd Texas Regiment, U. S. Army, were made up Northern or German immigrants to Texas,
     whose sympathies were with the Union. Davis, the 'Scalawag' or Reconstruction governor of Texas in 1872-1873,
     was the most hated man in Texas.

22)  For Battle of Bayou Bourbeau, see Report of Gen. Tom Green, Official Records, Armies in War of The Rebellion,
     Ser. I, Vol. XXVI, Part 1, pp. 329-332; see also W. R. Howell, "Battle of Fordoche Bayou," (Hous.) Tri-Weekly
     Telegraph, Oct. 9, 1863.

23)  On Nov. 1, 1863, a Federal Army of 10,000 men came ashore at Brownsville, Texas. Gen. Green was ordered
      back to Texas to defend against that invasion.

24) Several of the wounded Union Bluejackets had limbs amputated on the Wave, and most of them subsequently
    died. Others were moved to a hospital in the home of Capt. Daniel Goos in Lake Charles, La., where Union
    Assistant Surgeon Vermuelen continued to treat them.